君子协定

Gentleman’s Agreement is a movie that tells a story about a journalist’s experience of pretending to be a Jew to write an article about anti-Semitism.

What is problematic?
Anti-Semitism was thriving at that time. Jewish people could not even have a job because of their racial identity. Dominant white Christian culture did not tolerant Jewish culture. Therefore, Jewish people were suffering from discrimination in every aspect of their lives. For instance, Jewish people had to conceal their Jewish identity in order to get a job. In the movie, the Jewish secretary Wales had to change her name in order to get the job. And when Tommy’s classmates knew that Tommy was a Jew, they teased him and isolated him because of his Jewish identity. The dominant White Christian culture took control of the society at that time. The social environment at that time was full of discrimination and attacks to Jewish people. The ignorance to other culture made there was no room for other cultures. The dominant position of white Christian culture over Jewish culture resulted in the misunderstanding and lacking of knowledge about minor culture in the society. The Jewish people could not speak out their voices because they were suppressed by the dominant white culture, which led to the miscommunication between Christian people and Jewish people even though they had no intention to do so. For instance, Kathy as a typical “nice” Christian, thought that being silent and feeling guilty when someone told a joke depreciating Jews was an action to against anti-Semitism. She did not know that this was not enough, actions to against those anti-Semitism in her group was the most effective way to alleviate the situation of Jews.
Also, the journalist Philip also experienced ups and downs in his relationship with his fiancée Kathy because of Philip’s experiment of pretending to be a Jew. Philip tried to act and think like a Jew and experienced what a Jew might suffer at that time in person. While Kathy’s acts did not meet his criteria for a soul mate who can take the right side towards anti-Semitism. However, Kathy thought that she was against anti-Semitism and was on the same side as Philip. The way they perceive anti-Semitism is different because they have different personalities. Therefore, this miscommunication caused conflicts between them.

What are the power relations?
Dominant white culture was absolutely over the Jewish culture at that time. Dave is a real Jew and he grew up with Philip. Although Philip is not a Jew, he has strong empathy to what Jewish people feel because his relationship with Dave. However, Philip still had social power identity over Dave. However, Philip’s acts to call for rights for Jews were embedded in his dominant cultural identity. White Christians have totally right of speech at that time. They determined the social realities. No one would like to listen to a Jew’s opinion. Dominant culture would not treat them seriously. However, white Christian guy Philip’s experience and opinions about anti-Semitism became a hot topic at that time because it made people started to rethink the Jewish culture.
What I also noticed was that the masculinity was also over feminity . In their relationship, Philip’s masculinity is obvious. Kathy did not express what she really felt straightforwardly. She haven’t spoken her heart until when Philip criticized her that she has an inherent superiority feeling towards Jewish people and their relationship almost broke down. At that very moment, Kathy cried and argued to Philip that, “You are what you are for the on life you have”. She explained that she has no choice to choose born as a Christian. For Kathy, she thought she was no wrong because she born with her Christian identity. She insisted that she was in the “nice people” group. However, for Philip, Kathy’s inactive action towards anti-Semitism also supported anti-Semitism in some way. Besides, people have different expectation towards Kathy and Philip. In the ending part of the movie, Anne invited Philip for dinner and persuaded Philip that it was not Kathy’s duty to fight for the Jewish people. Kathy was not supposed to do that because of her gender.

How do you see people negotiating?
We can tell the difference between how women and men faces conflicts in a relationship in this movie. When facing conflict, different gender has different negotiation method towards it. When Philip and Kathy had conflict, Philip told Kathy directly how he felt and argued with Kathy angrily. While for Kathy, she tended to hide her feelings and find the third party for help. We can tell that Philip was using low context to deal with the conflict, while Kathy responded to it in relatively high context. In the ending of the movie, when Philip was angry about Kathy because he thought she has superiority over Jews and she did nothing about it. Kathy found the third party, Philip and Kathy’s common friend Dave, to help analyzing the relationship. Therefore, Kathy has very interdependent personality while Philip is very independent. Philip told Kathy how he feels directly while Kathy hadn’t spoken out her idea until she thought they were going to break up. And then, Kathy turned to the third party for help to mend this relationship. That is very interdependent characteristic. In the society, women usually are expected to be submissive and supportive to their partner, even though they may not agree to them. However, a man is encouraged to act direct and controlling in a relationship, especially in a romantic relationship. Especially, Kathy is a divorced woman, so she acted even more careful and doubtful in the relationship.
Also, in the movie, the real Jew Dave and Ms. Wales seemed to be inactive in the anti-Semitism cause. They got used to hide their identity to blend in the society that controlled by the dominant culture. They tended to be silent. They had to rely on their dominant friends to speak out their needs for equality and rights. In contrast, Philip as a white Christian man who was educated and encouraged to speak, acted agitatedly when he was treated unfairly in the hotel and the post office because of his fake Jewish identity. Philip was sensitive and expressed all of his feelings of being sick of anti-Semitism when he pretended to be a Jew. This interesting contrast indicates that how social environment can affect people’s way to negotiate when facing with conflicts.

P.S. Kathy argued with Phil: "You are what you are for the one life you have, you can't help being born Christian instead of Jewish, it doesn't mean you glad you were, but I am glad, There, I said it, I'd be terrible, I'm glad I'm not. I could never make you understand that, You could never understand that it is a fact like being glad you are good-looking instead of ugly, rich instead of poor, young instead of old, healthy instead of sick. You could never understand that. It's just a practical fact,not judgement that I'm superior, but I could never make you see that. You twisted something into horrible, a conniving, an aiding and abetting a thing that I loathe as much as you do. "

When Kathy told Dave that a man said a joke about disgrace on Jewish, Kathy said that she hated it and wanted to tell everyone that this was not good, however, what she actually did was just sat there and felt ashamed.
"If you don't stop that joke, where do you stop?"

 看过一部好莱坞的老片子《君子协定》，因一种特别的感触而记忆至今。其中葛里高利·派克扮演的一个极为成功的社会新闻记者，受命采访当代美国社会中犹太人遭歧视的现状。他欣然从命，此后却一筹莫展——因为这是一个老掉牙的题目，更因为纳粹暴行而善恶昭然、径渭分明。任何一个文明人都耻于流露自己对犹太人的偏见，更不必说歧视。反犹——几乎可以构成文明社群的丑闻。作为一个新闻记者还有什么可说的呢？为此，派克造访了他二战时出生入死的战友——一个成功的犹太商人。后者对此极为慎重，几乎不置一词。对派克的追问，他的回答是：除非你生而为犹太人，否则你永远不会明白。

 
此言倒使派克顿开茅塞：作为一个成功的记者，他的报道一向靠体验，比如报道矿工，就下井作业；报道无家可归者，就露宿街头。而这一次简单得多，派克在他“古老的德国姓氏”上加了几个元音，一变为“古老的犹太姓氏”，用括号附在他的门牌上，于是，他成了犹太人。变化立刻出现了，门房的态度变得暧昧微妙；女秘书的笑容多了同类间的亲呢，少了等级间的敬畏；完美周到的社会消费服务系统会不时的在他这里出现失误，“漏掉”了派克一家。他的孩子报名夏令营被拒绝，理由是名额已满，而事实上名额尚多。绝对秘而不宣的规定是此夏令营不接纳犹太人。直到孩子在街上被其他下流社会的孩子唾骂追打：因为他是“犹太猪”。一向自持、宽厚、富于人道情怀的派克陷入狂怒，他愤怒地前往质问，遇到的是家长们故作愤怒的敷衍，孩子们刻毒、得意的鬼脸暴露了他们真实的态度。当派克再次造访他的犹太朋友时，后者开口了：现在你知道了。做犹太人意味着日复一日芒刺在背的生活，看不见的毒刺每天刺伤你，可你不能叫喊、抗议，因为你拿不到证据——一切太偶然、太琐屑；在屈尊的倾听、真实或造作的震惊面前，你显得神经过敏、小题大作，甚至是不知感恩，不懂天高地厚。

 

已不知自己在多大程度上忠实地复述故事，多大程度上添加了自己的感受和体验。记住了这部好莱坞老片，不是因为煽情、细腻的叙事，不是为了其中正义与良知：因为在影片中派克能以发表他成功的报道：“我做了九十天犹太人”，而中止他的犹太生涯，并且作为非犹太的、正义的美国公民而成就一番拯救犹太人的伟业。 但如果你真的生而为犹太人呢？看此片时我尚年轻。其时的感受是，只需将“犹太人”三个字转换为“女人”二字，便可尽现生为女人、生为不甘遵从男性规范的女人在妇女解放的社会中所独自咀嚼的辛酸，一份不为外人知、亦不足为外人道的、琐琐屑屑的辛酸“文明社群中的犹太人”似乎是新女性现实境遇的一个恰当的比喻。此后我发现了更恰当的说法，那是“解放的妇女，犹如占领区的平民，解放了的黑奴”。也许后者更为准确，因为女人远不及犹太人“幸运”：犹太人或许可以去掉那几个元音而隐藏起自己的犹太身份，但女人无法藏起自己的性别，就像黑人无法洗去自己的肤色（否则迈克·杰克逊逐渐“变白”就不会成为社会新闻）。犹太人遭受迫害的千年历史可以不断讲述，振聋发聩，但女人的历史却仍是幽冥和空白。生为女人，似乎是上苍的安排，但上苍安排了的， 绝不仅是一个性别，而且是一个角色，一种命运。关于女人有太多的说法，太多的规定，你的一切行为都太容易地得到归类和解释， 尽管权威的阐释者自身对“女人”亦一无所知——一如弗洛伊德的哀叹：天哪！谁能告诉我女人是怎么回事？

 
生为女人，是一个不容片刻逃离的事实，尽管置身于“男女都一样”的社会场景之中。一切的一切——男人的目光、女人间的反馈、路人肆无忌惮的评论，堂而皇之的对女人生活的监督和窥视，无时无刻不在提醒着你的“身份”。大学时代，与初识的欧洲女孩在一起闲聊，说起如果有来生，所有的中国女人一律选做男人；大多半欧洲女孩则毫不犹豫地愿做女人。其中一位陈述理由是：做女人何其快活——有人开门、接大衣，承受怜香惜玉的卫护，周末人人相邀，且不付分文。彼时彼地，在座的中国女人（包括我）一式一律地羡慕起文明的西方。及至中国已经开化的今日，我亦将及不惑之年，方知如果你接受并成功地扮演一个女性角色，那么，日子确实好过得多，只是其间甘苦自知。问题是如果浩如烟海的女人规范与表述在你处均告失效时，那你便成了一个怪物，一个可憎可疑的次品中的次品。做了混迹斯文间的女人，且身高越界（彼时尚未有时装模特这一光彩照人的职业，更未有以高瘦为美的时尚），更加单身而立之年，对此间的种种辛酸颇有体验。婚后丈夫提醒说，你的词汇中出现率最高的便是“受伤害”，才恍然明白，果然如此。太易受伤害，太易感觉伤害，便成了一种病态，至少是一种过敏。但此前无人问及亦无可验证的，是那些无形的毒刺是否存在，那伤害的事实是否为真，是否大人大量便可忽略不计。至少对我说来，确未遭公然歧视或“迫害”。但芒刺无所不在，多种多样 同是大学时，形同手足的男同学谆谆教诲：你的确出色，但你要先学会做一个女人，然后才是一个完整的人。日后类似的忠告在同性、异性间时时可闻。渐入困惑迷惘：学会——做女人？难道我不是一个女人吗？为什么是学会？那是一种技巧或技能吗？我何处不“像”女人？究竟何为“女人”？何谓“女人”？这显然不是一个生理性别的概念。否则我自知自己是一个健全的、多少有些早熟的女人。渐次明白 需学会的是一种演技，做女人意味惰性的扮演。女人，是一个明确界说，大同小异的角色：弱者、地母、贞女、荡妇或女巫。何其丰富的选择。剩下的是：“男性化”，如果不说变态。

 

思考可以开始，芒刺并不因此消失。小有所成时听到评价：一个女人，不易了！独身久后便成了饭后茶余的话题：刻毒如“没人要”——附言曰：谁敢要啊？！阴险如“同性恋”——如是避女友惟恐不及；深谙女性心理者阐释，做了可耻的第三者，因此秘而不宣——自己守身如玉；自然悲愤异常。兴之所至淡施粉脂，配一胸饰时，男同事大悦，顿生亲昵云：这多好！平素你那三分男人气，吓得全体男同胞进入掩体。如此等等，不一而足。我之幸运，在于我尚未前往人才市场，所有的“人才”需求上注明：男性。如果说，文明社会耻于承认对犹太人的歧视，那么愈加文明的中国社会却越来越不掩饰他们的性别偏见与歧视。从“解放得过头了！你们还想要什么？‘到’妇女解放代价惨痛。女人回到家里去，重建正常社会秩序”，尽管这无疑是昔潘光旦的古老哀叹：妇女解放，弄得“男人无业，女人无家”，但社会变革，女工果然最先下岗。

 

女人，可以是烙上的红字，可以是荣耀的徽章一旦世妇会召开，一旦三八节来临，女人可谓风光之极．日后仍是不明不白一个二等国民。妇女解放也成了老掉牙的官家滥套。困惑日久，创痛日久，终于宣称自己是一个女性主义者。夫妻间调侃：“男女平权可矣，何必女权？”相视而笑只可惜全社会的现实、文化心理平权之地尚远。是的，女性，而非女权。笔者更关注的是男权社会的性别文化构造，女人和男人在这依旧森严的性别秩序中的诸多扭曲。在文化的意义上，在社会性别中，本无天生的男人与女人，后天的构造、修剪使之然。女性主义，或许别种不甚堂皇的理想主义，知其不能为而为之吧。

今天下午看了一部很久很久以前的电影，名字叫《君子协定》，我看的老片并不多，有时候看也不是我自己的意愿，那是一个偶然，看名字，并没想到这部电影会这么的老啊！还是黑白的，在想想，看就看吧，反正电脑也没网了，明天就要提前回家了，提前回去过我的五一啦！嘿嘿~

 

       两个小时的片长，看到快结尾的时候，我都快睡着了，戴着耳机趴在桌子上，精神已经神游到不知哪里去了，只迷迷糊糊听到耳机里的男女主人公对话的声音。等到完全清醒的时候，已是下午四点多了，去楼下收了晒蓬松的被子，还和室友去了趟食堂，买了点吃的，回来接着把结尾看了。

 

      刚看不久，我就一直在感慨自己：怎么就找了个这么老的片子撒！ 我猜猜它应该是1958年左右上映的，里面的FOX公司标志竟然还是黑白的。看到中间的时候，我知道了：这片子原来是1947年的啊！ 顿时发觉自己好复古哦！

 

      其实看进去了也就不会觉得它不好看了，我很喜欢里面的男主人公，他好帅，真的！

是如此的英俊，潇洒，只可惜他和我生活的时代不一样哦！。 女主角也不错，长的挺漂亮的。他们的爱情也是一波三折，男主角菲林是个新闻作者，他为了写出一篇连载性的关于反犹太主义的文章，不惜瞒着家人和朋友将自己扮成一个犹太人，为了这篇文章，他付出的代价太大了，爱情和婚姻也几次陷入危机，幸而结局是好的，两人终成眷属，他也抱得美人归~

 

       才知道里面的男主角就是大名鼎鼎的格里高利.派克。

    
 其实一开始我也不熟悉他，直到介绍说他和赫本主演了《罗马假日》时，心里开始对他肃然起敬，我喜欢赫本，但却没有看她的《罗马假日》，我看过她的《战争与和平》，就是因为这个，也让我喜欢上了这个和我生活在不同时代的明星。

 

          《君子协定》拍于第二次世界大战之后，虽然战争结束了，但在各个国家，人们对于犹太人的排挤心理还是根深蒂固，歧视犹太人，限制犹太人的权利和自由，这部影片正式拍于这个时期，给了当时那些反犹太人士一个有力的回击。影片上映后获得各方的好评，并获得了第二十届的奥斯卡最佳影片奖，派克在这次奥斯卡中获得提名，他曾四次获得奥斯卡提名，而1962年的《杀死一只知更鸟》这部电影最终让他获得奥斯卡金像奖。
以下是我在电影里面截的图：

http://blog.trivialfilm.com/2012/06/gentleman-agreement20.html

Gentleman's Agreement (1947)

本片获得第20届奥斯卡金像奖最佳影片。

电影讲述一个作家的故事。在反犹太主义盛行的年代，身为知名作家的男主角受邀于一个杂志社，主编希望写一篇反击反犹太主义的报道。于是，男主角带着母亲和儿子搬到纽约去住，并结识了一见钟情的女主角。男主角与女主角发展很快，母亲也很喜欢她，因此两人很快谈婚论嫁。此时，男主角写作遇到瓶颈，一个星期后他打算放弃。但在就要放弃时，男主角想出一个绝妙的好主意——假扮犹太人，让自己亲身体验一下犹太人的感觉。男主角告诉主编后，他很赞同，并马上实施起来。当男主角将这个点子告诉女主角时，两人却发生了不愉快。虽然女主角并不介意，因此两人很快和好。随后，男主角就以犹太人的身份在杂志社上班。同时，女主角希望男主角与家人见面，但不要以犹太人的身份，男主角听后很生气的离开了。几天后，女主角妥协了，男主角就以犹太人的身份来到女主角乡下的家中。在聚会上，有很多人没有到来。之后，两个很快订下婚期，而男主角最好的朋友也来到纽约，这些都让男主角很高兴。但当男主角听到他们订下的酒店不接受犹太人、好朋友要离开纽约时，他就怒气冲冲的跑到酒店一探究竟。男主角在酒店遭到冷漠的对待，生气的回到家里，却发现儿子因为犹太人的身份被人欺负。这时，男主角才发现女主角虽然不反对与犹太人相处，但是她和她的亲戚们都有着自己的优越感，为自己身为不是犹太人而庆幸。两人又是一番大吵。之后，男主角根据自身体验写出一篇非常完美的文章，这使得杂志社的人们大吃一惊。男主角打算离开纽约前，与杂志社的好朋友闲聊，知道了其他人对女主角的印象。最后，女主角在男主角好朋友的帮助下明白了一切，男主角也重新来找女主角，两人又和好了。

本片看得过程非常坎坷。最开始下载的是TLF内嵌字幕版，可是发现电影播放五分钟后，字幕的时间轴与翻译就变得很不准确。这个字幕的某一部分不是时间轴对不上，就是字幕翻译驴唇不对马嘴。这不仅让我看得很累，而且也让我看不明白剧情！于是，就去射手上找其他字幕。可是找来找去，发现网上的字幕都与TLF的一样！原来这部电影就一个版本的中文字幕，这让人怎么看？而且如此糟糕的字幕还美其名曰“R3DVD”字幕，有没有搞错？！在没有办法的情况下，只好去找在线的版本。在线版本有两个，一个是英文对白的，使用的还是这条糟糕的字幕；一个是中文对白的，但英文原音没有消清楚！最后，我只好用这个中文对白的音轨，搭配上这条时间轴错乱的字幕，将就着把这部电影看完了！因此，这部电影很可能我没有理解完全，但现阶段这种情况下，我也只能做到如此了。

影片主题很直白，就是电影情节中反反复复强调的“反犹太主义”的展现以及对它的抨击。细分话可以将这个主题分成三部分，一部分是直接表现出反犹太主义的行为，一部分是“沉默大多数”对反犹太主义的沉默，一部分是反犹太主义对人们的伤害。影片通过这三部分细致的描写，给观众们勾勒出一副反犹太主义在美国社会的真实景象，让观众们在观看影片之后有自己的思考。当然，本片是有时效性的，现在的反犹太主义在美国已经不是最极端的矛盾了。所以现在看本片，对观众们来说大概只是对历史的一种回顾吧。

影片主题分为三部分，电影本身也可以分成三部分，与要反映的主题相一致。不过，片中对于“沉默大多数”的定义，我并不赞同。沉默就是反对吗？当别人歧视犹太人时，自己庆幸自己不是犹太人，难道是错的？不表示反对就是赞同？本片的论调也太奇怪了！说的这里，让我想起现在流行的一个问题“同性恋”。如果大家都反对同性恋，有一个人默不作声，且暗自庆幸自己不是同性恋，这个人就是反对同性恋？这太不合逻辑了！因此，本片虽然主题是好的，让观众们了解到反犹太主义在社会上存在以及它对人们的伤害，可是编导的观点太扯蛋！根本就是混淆是非。

电影拍摄方面比较平庸，没有太突出之处。除了片中纽约的城市外景之外，都没有给我留下太深刻的印象。此外，影片剧情还有些拖沓，比如与男主角母亲有关的情节根本是多余的，即与男主角的爱情无关，更无关他写的文章，搞不清楚弄这么一个角色的用意何在。难道是为了表现男主角的孝心？可是这更无关剧情了！总之，电影拍摄上优秀之处不多，而且电影节奏还比较缓慢，看起来有点累。

本片演员同样普通。男主角Gregory Peck高大、帅气、英俊，让他来扮演男主角最适合不过了，这种正人君子的形象对他来说属于本色演出。女主角扮演者是Dorothy McGuire，一个长相普通的好莱坞大众化美女，无论是她的相貌还是演技，都不会给人留下印象。片中另一个女演员是Celeste Holm，知道她在《彗星美人》中出演过，但就是想不起来她扮演的是谁了，可见她也是一个大众美女。

总结一下。本片看得过程坎坷，糟糕的配音和字幕使我不能对电影彻底理解。不过通过现在所熟悉的剧情，知道本片不过是一个主题正确，但观点偏激，且其他方面平庸的影片。本片之所以获得奥斯卡最佳影片，全得益于它富有勇气的主题吧。

Dorothy McGuire

Dorothy McGuire

序列：0855

Gentlemans.Agreement.1947.D9.MiniSD-TLF

2012-06-26